Essay example --

Post Impressionism Essays 1. Post impressionism is a term that is used to describe a group of late-19th century and early-20th century artists whose work helped art transition into a new era. These artist defied the naturalism of the Impressionist to explore color, line, and form. This rebellion led to the development of Expressionism. Generally, the approaches were so varied that it is difficult just to focus on one artist and their technique. One of the most prominent Post-Impressionist artists was Vincent Van Gogh. His work is best known for its rough ascetic and bold colors. Van Gogh favored fauvism, which was a movement that implemented vivid expressionistic and non-naturalistic color. Van Gogh’s color was typically saturated and arbitrary. Most of Van Gogh’s paintings show gestural brushwork and examples include: Starry Night and Wheatfield with Cypresses. Also, he often experimented with different perspectives. Another influential post-impressionist artists was George Seurat. Seurat’s main emphasises were surrealism and expressionism. Seurat used Renaissance techniques and styles, creating a hybrid approach to Post-Impressionism. This scientific, more disciplined approach is called Pointillism or Neo-Impressionism. Pointillism is characterized by applying many small dots of pure color so that they become blended to the viewer’s eye. The aim of pointillism is to produce a greater degree of luminosity and brilliance of color. With his new techniques, Seurat generally painted the middle class during their leisure time and his subjects include circus, parks, and harbors. Paul Gauguin was a leading French post impressionist artist whose focus was his imagination. He worked in a studio and experimented with color. His wo... ...rit of the dead, watches over her. Gauguin, in this painting, created a supernatural and fearful aura in this painting. Gauguin experimented with color to arouse deep emotion. Besides the upsetting color, the general composition of the painting is disturbing. The old woman in the background that is watching the girl is eerie. A painting that inspired The Spirit of the Walking Dead was Olympia by Manet. With the completion of Olympia, Manet had set a new precedent for the modern female nude. Also, Manet rejected the standards and challenged people’s morality with his painting. Gauguin's painting challenged society by its form. The most shocking thing about the woman depicted is her age. When this was painted, she was fourteen. Also, the body is disproportionate. An example of this is how her hands are larger than her feet and how her body is awkwardly positioned.

Management Study Guide Essay

Commanding Heights: Episode 3 (Chapters 11-14); available at online at http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/lo/story/index.html – With communism discredited, more and more nations harness their fortunes to the global free-market. China, Southeast Asia, India, Eastern Europe and Latin America all compete to attract the developed world’s investment capital, and tariff barriers fall. In the United States Republican and Democratic administrations both embrace unfettered globalization over the objections of organized labor. But as new technology and ideas drive profound economic change, unforeseen events unfold. A Mexican economic meltdown sends the Clinton administration scrambling. Internet-linked financial markets, unrestricted capital flows, and floating currencies drive levels of speculative investment that dwarf trade in actual goods and services. Fueled by electronic capital and a global workforce ready to adapt, entrepreneurs create multinational corporations wi th valuations greater than entire national economies. When huge pension funds go hunting higher returns in emerging markets, enterprise flourishes where poverty once ruled, but risk grows, too. In Thailand the huge reservoir of available capital proves first a blessing, then a curse. Soon all Asia is engulfed in an economic crisis, and financial contagion spreads throughout the world, until Wall Street itself is threatened. A single global market is now the central economic reality. As the force of its effects is felt, popular unease grows. Is the system just too complex to be controlled, or is it an insiders’ game played at outsiders’ expense? New centers of opposition to globalization form and the debate turns violent over who will rewrite the rules. Yet prosperity continues to spread with the expansion of trade, even as the gulf widens further between rich and poor. Imbalances too dangerous for the system to ignore now drive its stakeholders to devise new means to include the dispossessed lest, once again, terrorism and war destroy the stability of a deeply interconnected world. The Bush Bailout Plan (Rounds 1 and 2) Round 1: Allow the Treasury to borrow up to $700 billion to buy mortgage-related assets from US financial institutions over the next 2 years. –May stabilize the capital markets ( could protect investment and retirement funds) – MAY stabilize housing prices. Consequences of doing nothing: -Small businesses will fail. -Companies may not be able to make payroll -People, even those with good credit records, may not be able to get credit for mortgages, car loans, student loans, or credit cards. -People will lose jobs. Round 2: Same deal: with same possible benefits. House version of the bill: $350 billion upfront; $350 billion later unless congress holds it back. -NO new golden parachutes if the institution sells more than $300 million in assets -Must try to â€Å"claw back† past bonuses if based on misleading financial statements -No golden parachutes when the treasury has ownership stake in the firm (.ie., it is failing). Defined Contribution Retirement Plans – A defined contribution plan provides an individual account for each participant. The benefits are based on the amount contributed into the plan and are also affected by income, expenses, gains and loses. There are no promises of a set monthly benefit at retirement. Some examples of defined contribution plans include 401(k) plans, 403(b) plans, employee stock ownership plans and profit sharing plans. Contagion – The tendency to spread, as of a doctrine, influence, or emotional state. When one nation’s economy is negatively affected because of changes in the asset PRICES of another country’s financial market Foreign Direct Investment – Is when a firm invests resources in facilities to produce and/or market a product in a foreign country. Horizontal FDI versus Vertical FDI – Horizontal FDI: investment in the same industry in which a firm operates at home. Vertical FDI: investment in an industry that provides inputs for a firm’s domestic operations or that sells the outputs of the firm’s domestic operations. Backward Vertical FDI versus Forward Vertical FDI- Backward vertical FDI: an investment in an industry abroad that provides inputs for a firm’s domestic production processes. Forward Vertical FDI: an investment in an industry abroad that sells the outputs of a firm’s domestic production processes. BACKWARD vertical means that there are more places to help build the product. Stock versus Flow of FDI – Stock flow is the total accumulated value. Flow of FDI is the value over time. Gross Fixed Capital Formation – GFCF is a flow value. It is usually defined as the total value of additions to fixed assets by resident producer enterprises, less disposals of fixed assets during the quarter or year, plus additions to the value of non-produced assets (such as discoveries of mineral deposits, or land improvements). Greenfield Investment – Establishing a new operation Acquisition – When one firm buys an interest in another firm Merger – When two firms agree to integrate their operations on a relatively co-equal basis. Exporting – The sale of products produced in one country to residents of another country Licensing – when one firm (the licensor) grants the right to produce its product, use its production processes, or use its brand name or trademark to another firm (the licensee) Tacit versus Codified Knowledge – Tacit knowledge: information that is intuitive and difficult to articulate or codify in writing. (Can be gained through personal experience or interaction. Shared knowledge might be dispersed throughout the company.) Theoretical Explanations for FDI: Transportation Costs, Market Imperfections, Strategic Behavior, Product Life Cycle, and Location-Specific Advantages – Impediments to the Sale of Know-How – Impediments to the sale of know-how explain why firms prefer horizontal FDI to licensing. These impediments arise when: (a) a firm has valuable know-how that cannot be adequately protected by a licensing contract, (b) a firm needs tight control over a foreign entity to maximize its market share and earnings in that country, and (c) a firm’s skills and know-how are not amenable to licensing. Multi-Point Competition – Arises when two or more enterprises encounter each other in different regional markets, national markets, or industries. The Radical, Free Market and Pragmatic Nationalism Views of FDI Benefits and Costs of FDI for a Host Country – Resource transfer effects, employment effects, balance of payments effects, effect on competition and economic growth. Host country benefits from initial capital inflow when MNC establishes business—FINANCIAL CREDIT Host country benefits if FDI substitutes for imports of goods and services—CURRENT ACCOUNTCREDIT Host country benefits when MNC uses its foreign subsidiary to export to other countries—Credit on CURRENT ACCOUNT Resource-Transfer Effects: Capital, Technology and Management Employment Effects: Direct, Indirect, Substitution, and Acquisition Restructuring – -Mergers and acquisitions are quicker to execute. -Foreign firms have valuable strategic assets that would be risky and time consuming to develop. -Acquiring firm believes it can use its core competencies to increase the efficiency of the acquired firm. Balance-of-Payments Effects of FDI for the Home and Host Countries – Home country – The balance of payments account is improved by the inward flow of repatriated earnings. The balance of payments account is improved if the foreign subsidiary needs home country equipment, component parts, etc. National Sovereignty – Sovereignty is the exclusive right to control a government, a country, a people, or oneself. A sovereign is the supreme lawmaking authority. Benefits and Costs of FDI for a Home Country – Balance of payments effects, employment effects. Home Country Policies to Encourage and Restrict Outward FDI – Restrict: Limits on capital outflows, tax incentives to invest at home, Nation-specific prohibitions Encourage: Foreign Risk Insurance, Capital Assistance, Tax Incentives to Invest Abroad, Political Pressure. Host Country Policies to Encourage and Restrict Inward FDI – Restrict: Ownership Restraints Encourage: To gain from the resource-transfer and employment effects of FDI, to capture FDI away from other potential host locations. Performance Requirements – An expectation placed on a foreign direct thingy requiring them to do certain things like having some local employees. Basically, this puts restrictions on them like local production requirements. Regional Economic Integration –refers to agreements among countries in a geographic region to reduce and ultimately remove, tariff and non-tariff barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and factors of production between each other. Levels of Economic Integration: Free Trade Area: Remove internal Barriers Customs Union: Common External Barriers Common Market: Free Movement of Factors Economic Union: Common Economic Policy Political Union: Political Integration The Case for and the Case against Regional Integration â €“ For: Increases world production, stimulates growth, regional economic integration can provide additional gains from free trade beyond the international agreements such as GATT and TWO. Against: a regional trade agreement is beneficial only if it creates more trade than it diverts. Impediments to Regional Integration – Nation as a whole may benefit but certain groups within countries may be hurt. Concerns about loss of national sovereignty and control over the nation’s sovereignty and control over the nations monetary, fiscal and trade policies. Trade Creation versus Trade Diversion – When an inefficient non member nation replaces an efficient member nation (NAFTA). Like Mexico replacing China in the textile business. Creation: occurs when free trade leads to the substitution of inefficient domestic production for efficient production in another member country. Diversion: Occurs when efficient non-member production is replaced by inefficient production by a member nation as a result of high trade barriers for non-members. The European Union (EU) – is composed of 27 member countries, covers an area of 4 million square kilometers and has approximately 460 million inhabitants. The EU’s member states combined represent the world’s largest economy by GDP, the seventh largest territory in the world by area and the third largest by population. Political Structure of the European Union: European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament and Court of Justice Optimal Currency Area – In economics, an optimum currency area (OCA), also known as an optimal currency region (OCR), is a geographical region in which it would maximize economic efficiency to have the entire region share a single currency. It describes the optimal characteristics for the merger of currencies or the creation of a new currency. Cop enhagen Criteria – are the rules that define whether a nation is eligible to join the European Union. The criteria require that a nation have the institutions to preserve democratic governance and human rights, a functioning market economy, and that the nation accept the obligations and intent of the EU. The Lisbon Treaty – The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU) with amendments to the Treaty on European Union (TEU, Maastricht) and the Treaty establishing the European Community (TEC, Rome), the latter being renamed Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in the process. The stated aim of the treaty is â€Å"to complete the process started by the Treaty of Amsterdam and by the Treaty of Nice with a view to enhancing the efficiency and democratic legitimacy of the Union and to improving the coherence of its action.† The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): Pros and Cons of NAFTA – Pros: Labor intensive industries move to Mexico, resulting in better resource allocation, Mexico gets investment and employment, increased Mexican income to buy US/Canadian goods, demand for goods increases jobs, consumers get lower prices. Cons: Loss of jobs to Mexico for people who don’t have other employment options, Mexican firms have to compete against efficient US/Canadian firms, environmental degradation, loss of national sovereignty. The Andean Community – The Andean Community is mainly a trade block formerly called the Andean Group (Grupo Andino, in Spanish) which saw light after the Andean Pact (Pacto Andino) or more formally the Cartagena Agreement (Acuerdo de Cartagena) was signed in 1969, in Cartagena (Colombia). Mercado Comà ºn del Sur (MERCOSUR) – Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Venezuala. Was originally envisioned as a common market but has yet to reach that goal. Critics contend the agreement results in more trade diversion than trade creation as a result of the high external tariffs. Free Trade Area of the Americas –was a proposal to expand NAFTA to include all countries in the Western Hemisphere, except Cuba. This region has 850 million people and a $13.5 trillion economy. Talks are stalled and stronger support would be needed by the USA and Brazil for this agreement to become a reality. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) / ASEAN Free Trade Area – Ind onesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and Cambodia. Total population of 500 million, GDP of US $740 billion, and a total trade of US $720 billion A free trade area among some of the nations exists, but several nations are refusing to lower all tariffs. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) – Founded in 1990 to promote open trade and economic cooperation. Currently has 21 members including the United States, Japan and China. Members account for 57% of the world’s GNP and 46% of global trade. Despite little progress, it could potentially become the world’s largest free trade area. Fiscal versus Monetary Policy – Market economies have regular fluctuations in the level of economic activity which we call the business cycle. It is convenient to think of the business cycle as having three phases. The first phase is expansion when the economy is growing along its long term trends in employment, output, and income. But at some point the economy will overheat, and suffer rising prices and interest rates, until it reaches a turning point — a peak — and turn downward into a recession (the second phase). Recessions are usually brief (six to nine months) and are marked by falling employment, output, income, prices, and interest rates. Most significantly, recessions are marked by rising unemployment. The economy will hit a bottom point — a trough — and rebound into a strong recovery (the third phase). The recovery will enjoy rising employment, output, and income while unemployment will fall. The recovery will gradually slow down as the economy once again assumes its long term growth trends, and the recovery will transform into an expansion. Foreign Exchange Market –a market for converting the currency of one country into the currency of another. Exchange Rate – the rate at which one currency is converted into another. Foreign Exchange Risk – the risk of an investment’s value changing due to changes in the currency exchange rates. Arbitrage – the purchase of a product in one market for immediate resale in a second market in order to profi t from a price discrepancy. Currency Speculation – short-term movement of funds from one currency to another in hopes of profiting from shifts in exchange rates. Spot Exchanges –the exchange rate at which a foreign exchange dealer would convert one currency to into another currency on that day. Forward Exchanges – the exchange rate at which a foreign exchange dealer will agree to convert one currency into another currency on a specific date in the future. Hedging: Forward Contracts versus Options Selling on a Discount versus Selling at a Premium Currency Swaps – A currency swap (or cross currency swap) is a foreign exchange agreement between two parties to exchange a given amount of one currency for another and, after a specified period of time, to give back the original amounts swapped. Economic Theories of Exchange Rate Determination – Law of One Price – The law of one price is an economic law stated as: â€Å"In an efficient market all identical goods must have only one price.† The intuition for this law is that all sellers will flock to the highest prevailing price, and all buyers to the lowest current market price. In an efficient market the convergence on one price is instant. Purchasing Power Parity – The purchasing power parity (PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their purchasing power. Developed by Gustav Cassel in 1920, it is based on the law of one price: the theory states that, in an ideally efficient market, identical goods should have only one price. Big Mac Index – The Big Mac Index is an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries. As stated in The Economist, it â€Å"seeks to make exchange-rate theory a bit more digestible† In 120 nations the big mac is the same. How Increasing the Money Supply Impacts Exchange Rates Price Discrimination – Price discrimination or yield management occurs when a firm charges a different price to different groups of consumers for an identical good or service, for reasons not associated with costs. Fisher Effect / International Fischer Effect Real versus Nominal Interest Rates 8% interest + 2%inflation = 10% nominal interest. $100 on $1000 loan. Investor Psychology and Bandwagon Effects The Efficient Market School versus the Inefficient Market School – Efficient: Those who believe the foreign exchange market actually predicts things accurately. Fundamental versus Technical Analysis Currency Convertibility: Freely, Externally, and Nonconvertible Currencies Capital Flight – Capital flight, in economics, occurs when assets and/or money rapidly flow out of a country, due to an economic event that disturbs investors and causes them to lower their valuation of the assets in that country, or otherwi se to lose confidence in its economic strength. This leads to a disappearance of wealth and is usually accompanied by a sharp drop in the exchange rate of the affected country (depreciation in a variable exchange rate regime, or a forced devaluation in a fixed exchange rate regime). Transaction versus Translation versus Economic Exposure – Economic exposure: the extent to which a firm’s future international earning power is affected by changes in exchange rates. Lead versus Lag Strategies – Lead: an attempt to collect foreign currency receivables when a foreign currency is expected to depreciate. Lag: An attempt to delay the collection of foreign currency receivables if that currency is expected to appreciate. Delay paying foreign currency payables if the foreign currency is expected to depreciate. International Monetary System – are institutional arrangements countries adopt to govern exchange rates. Exchange Rate Regimes: Formal Dollarization, Fixed, Currency Boards, Pegged, Dirty/Managed Floats and Independently Floating – The Gold Standard – Pegging currencies to gold and guaranteeing convertibility is known as the gold standard. Gold Par Value – The amount of a currency in an ounce, one ounce of gold was referred to as the gold par value. The Bretton Woods Exchange Rate System – Created a fixed exchange rate system where the countries agreed to peg their currencies to the US dollar which was convertible to gold at $35 an ounce. Countries agreed to defend the value of their currencies to within 1% of par value. Currency, Banking and Foreign Debt Crises – Currency speculators believed that the devaluation of the dollar was inevitable. President Nixon dropped the gold standard conversion and the dollar was devalued. Following a second round of speculative attacks, the US dollar was allowed to float against other world currencies. Concerns about the IMF’s Policy Prescriptions – The system of adjustable parities allowed for the devaluation of a country’s currency by more than 10 percent if the IMF agreed that a country’s balance of payments was in â€Å"fundamental disequilibrium.† Moral Hazard – arises when people behave recklessly because they know they will be sav ed if things go wrong. Capital Market – The capital market is the market for securities, where companies and governments can raise longterm funds. The capital market includes the stock market and the bond market. Financial regulators, such as the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, oversee the capital markets in their designated countries to ensure that investors are protected against fraud. The capital markets consist of the primary market, where new issues are distributed to investors, and the secondary market, where existing securities are traded. Cost of Capital – The cost of capital is an expected return that the provider of capital plans to earn on their investment. Initial Public Offering – Initial public offering (IPO), also referred to simply as a â€Å"public offering†, is when a company issues common stock or shares to the public for the first time. They are often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking capital to expand, but can also be done by large privately-owned companies looking to become publicly traded. Commercial Banks versus Investment Banks Equity Loan: An equity loan is a mo rtgage placed on real estate in exchange for cash to the borrower. For example, if a person owns a home worth $100,000, but does not currently have a lien on it, they may take an equity loan at 80% loan to value (LTV) or $80,000 in cash in exchange for a lien on title placed by the lender of the equity loan. Debt Loans: A loan is a type of debt. This article focuses exclusively on monetary loans, although, in practice, any material object might be lent. Like all debt instruments, a loan entails the redistribution of financial assets over time, between the lender and the borrower. Corporate Bonds – A Corporate Bond is a bond issued by a corporation. The term is usually applied to longer-term debt instruments, generally with a maturity date falling at least a year after their issue date. Systematic Risk – In finance, Systemic Risk is that risk which is common to an entire market and not to any individual entity or component thereof. It can be defined as â€Å"financial system instability, potentially catastrophic, caused or exacerbated by idiosyncratic events or conditions in financial intermediaries†[1]. It refers to the movements of the whole economy and has wide ranging effects. It is also sometimes erroneously referred to as â€Å"systematic risk†. Portfolio Diversification – By using the global capital market, investors have a much wider range of investment opportunities than in a purely domestic capital market. The most significant consequence of this choice is that investors can diversify their portfolios internationally, thereby reducing their risk to below what could be achieved in a purely domestic capital market. Drivers of the Global Capital Market: Information Technology: Financial services is an information-intensive industry. It draws on large volumes of information about markets, risks, exchange rates, interest rates, creditworthiness, and so on. It uses this information to make decisions about what to invest where, how much to change borrowers, how much interest to pay to depositors, and the value and riskiness of a range of financial assets including corporate bonds, stocks, government securities, and currencies. Deregulation: Many restrictions have been crumbling in the US since the early 80s. In this part, this has been a response to the development of the Eurocurrency market, which from the beginning was outside of national control. Hot Money: In economics, hot money refers to funds which flow into a country to take advantage of a favorable interest rate, and therefore obtain higher returns. They influence the balance of payments and strengthen the exchange rate of the recipient country while weakening the currency of the country losing the money. These funds are held in currency markets by speculators as opposed to national banks or domestic investors. As such, they are highly volatile in Mexico and East Asian financial crisis. Patient Money: Selling land in large blocks under frontier conditions is to sell at a time before it begins yielding much if any rent. It is bid in by those few who have large discretionary funds of patient money. Eurocurrency – Eurocurrency is the term used to describe deposits residing in banks that are located outside the borders of the country that issues the currency the deposit is denominated in. For example a deposit denominated in US dollars residing in a Japanese bank is a Eurocurrency deposit, or more specifically a Eurodollar deposit. Attractions and Drawbacks of the Eurocurrency Market Attractions: Lack of government regulation. Drawbacks: When depositors use a regulated banking system they know that the probability of a bank failure that would cause them to lose their deposits is very low. Secondly, borrowing funds internationally can expose a company to foreign exchange risk. Reserve Requirements – The reserve requirement (or required reserve ratio) is a bank regulation that sets the minimum reserves each bank must hold to customer deposits and notes. These reserves are designed to satisfy withdrawal demands, and would normally be in the form of fiat currency stored in a bank vault (vault cash), or with a central bank. Foreign Bonds vs. Eurobonds: A Eurobond is an international bond that is denominated in a currency not native to the country where it is issued. It can be categorised according to the currency in which it is issued. London is one of the centers of the Eurobond market, but Eurobonds may be traded throughout the world – for example in Singapore or Tokyo. Attractions of the Eurobond Market – Absence of regulatory interference. Less stringent disclosure requirements than in most domestic bond markets. A favorable tax status. The Impact of Exchange Rate Risk on the Cost of Capital Benefits and Costs of Financial Globalization Inter-Temporal Trade – Consumption smoothing usually between advanced economies and developing economies. Developing economies need money NOW. Capital Mobility – The ability of money to cross national borders. The free flow of money in and out of a country. Impossible Trinity – The Impossible Trinity (also known as the Inconsistent Trinity, Triangle of Impossibility or Unholy Trinity) is the hypothesis in international economics that it is impossible to have all three of the following at the same time: Exchange Rate Stability, Independent Monetary Policy, and Capital Mobility. You can only have 2 of these 3 things at the same time ever. The Exchange Rate is simply the relative price of currencies. For example: It tells you how many Euros you can get for a dollar. A government has to main monetary policies it can use: The Fiscal Policy, or the Monetary Policy The Fiscal Policy concerns government expenditures and tax collection The Monetary Policy concerns the interest rate in the economy. The interest rates are established to help stabilize the economy.

Child Development Play And Play - 885 Words

Child Development Children come into the classroom with different experiences and personalities so they exhibit a variety of ways to engage in play. Some children engage in observational play and learning while others engage in social play. Children engage in different types of play that are inter-connected. I was aware of child-initiated play, parallel play and cooperative play but I did not consider observing as part of play. As a teacher, it is important for me to conduct observations to help me understand what stage a child is in during play, so I can help them bridge the child’s play to the next stage, if necessary. According to my Observations Taylor is in the observational play stage which can lead to other play styles such as solitary, onlooker, parallel, associative play and cooperative play according to Parten’s Stages of Play Robinson, Anderson, Porter, Hart, Wouden-Miller, 2003.pp. 3-21.). These play styles also help a child’s social development. I will need to continue to complete observations on Taylor to determine what stage of play is engages in and how that stage is affecting her social development. Through observations I came to the conclusion that Taylor is slow to warm up to new people and unfamiliar environments. She is an observer during play and also watches people to get to know them before forming attachments. I was aware of the importance of trust to form attachments leading to social development but did not understand how observational learningShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Play in Child Development3511 Words   |  15 PagesWhat is play? Play is â€Å"a recreational activity; especially the spontaneous activity of children.† (Webster, 2010) Play is such a basic function and daily routine in a child’s life. Although the roles of play and the types of play change thoug h age, it all incorporates in the growth and development of a child. When you think of play you don’t really think about or realize how important it really is in a child’s life. It consists of five elements, and these elements are the make-up and the meaningRead MorePlay Is Important For A Child s Development1747 Words   |  7 Pageswhy play is important for a child’s development, let’s take a look at what exactly â€Å"play† is. Play can be a vague term in the educational world because its definition is unclear, especially when putting it in the context of a classroom. Play can be defined as anything a child does within the social context and sometimes it is defined as just recess or free time. There are confusing and conflicting definitions but there are two sure forms of play in the context of education: free play and guidedRead MorePlay: An Essential Aspect in Child Development702 Words   |  3 PagesTask 1 Play is essential for the major areas of development in a child. Parents must understand the functions of play so they realize its key role and do not feel play time is wasted and takes away from learning. Play allows children to learn at their own rate and acquire concepts that might escape them if they were forced to sit at a table and listen to a teacher talk (SOURCE). For speech and language development, play affords children the opportunity to engage in dialogue about what theyRead MoreThe Influence of Play on Child Development Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagestypes of play that allow them to express themselves while using their imaginations and being physically active. According to the Center for Health Education, Training and Nutrition Awareness, â€Å"Play is child’s work†; this is true because it is a child’s job is to learn and develop in their first few years of life, in order for them to do this, they play (CHETNA). Not only is playing a child’s full time job, the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights listed play as a right of every child (Ginsburg)Read MoreThe Centrality Of Play For A Child s Social Development1234 Words   |  5 PagesThe centrality of Play for a child’s social development Play is so important in a child’s development that the United Nations High Commission for Human Rights has recognized it as a right of every child (Parents Magazine, 2015). Play is also important in social development as highlighted in my poster for parents, this rationale of my poster will discuss the key theories, processes and messages that are presented when looking at how play affects social development. Many theorists including VygotskyRead MoreThe Effects of Play Activity on the Holistic Development of a Child1930 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction I am require to review a play activity that I used my observational skills to plan for. I decided to do indoor art activity, which was making a Robin. Children by doing this activity may learn the textures and colours, and they will use a hand and eye co-ordination. The Intellectual, Physical, Language, social and emotional observations allows the adult to find out what children understand, how they think, what they are able to do, and interests are. This information helps the adultRead MoreCase Study of a Childs Play and Development Essay1937 Words   |  8 Pagesin those they prefer.       LEARNING OUTCOMES:    On completion of the module, students will be able to:    demonstrate an understanding of a range of therapeutic uses of play and insight into their differences    demonstrate competence in play-related skills appropriate to one or more therapies    assess children’s play needs and utilise, or advise on the utilisation of, appropriate therapeutic techniques       INDICATIVE CONTENT:    Theories covered will focus on the depth psychologies andRead MoreHow Play Affects The Childs Five Areas Of Development982 Words   |  4 PagesPlay Play is important to children. Play enhances the Childs five areas of development. Play is also an important part of a young Childs day. Young children love to pretend and play make-believe. Fantasy play provides opportunities for growth and development. Play also encourages experimentation and discovery. Toys are tools for play and play is a Childs work. When children play they learn that is why it is important. Play is the most natural and effective environment for a child to learn. DuringRead MoreExploring How Psychologists Study the Role of Play in Child Development2367 Words   |  10 PagesExploring How Psychologists Study the Role of Play in Child Development Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, New Edition, 1995 defines â€Å"play† as: â€Å"[Children] when children play, they do things that they enjoy, often together or with toys.† Play is one of the most powerful vehicles children have for trying out and mastering new social skills, concepts and experiences. Psychologists, such as Faulkner (1995), present evidence that play is seen as a mean of developing social Read MorePlay, Social-Emotional Development and Theory of Mind: Three Imprtans Aspects in Child Development2556 Words   |  11 Pages(Cohen, 2005). The No Child Left Behind Act brought in in 2001 in the US, requires that all children attending state funded schools sit a standardised test to measure basic literacy, language and mathematical ability. Cognitive ability is an important aspect of a child’s development, but this essay puts forward that play, social-emotional understanding and theory of mind are more important aspects in a child’s development, each impacting on a child’s cognitive and social development in some way. Social-emotional

The Museum Of Modern Art Christmas Card - 1712 Words

While the LOVE sculpture is in fact a sculpture, it actually originated as a print image for the Museum of Modern Art Christmas card in 1964. Shortly after it became a popular postage stamp, while finally becoming a sculpture in 1970. The idea behind this work of art originated when the Museum of Modern Art asked Indiana to design a Christmas card. He reflected upon his nomadic childhood, remembering posters he had frequently seen at a Christian Science churches with the words â€Å"God is love (Robert Indiana Works.)† He took this concept of love and stacked the LO on top of the VE in red, green, and blue, and added further interest by tilting the O. While this became a popular icon in the United States and beyond, Indiana refused to copyright his famous image and variations of it. Since this image was being rapidly reproduced by the public, many people incorrectly labeled Indiana as a sell out, even though he made very little money from his famous LOVE sculpture (Wilde.) Ro bert Indiana, birth name Robert Clark, was born in New Castle, Indiana in 1928. Being praised for his artwork by his elementary school teacher is what motivated him to pursue the career of art, leading him to join the Airforce for three years and after attend the Art Institute of Chicago, the Skowhegan School of Sculpture and Painting in Maine, and the Edinburgh College of Art in Scotland (Biography Robert Indiana.) His art gained popularity upon living in New York and many works of art featured atShow MoreRelatedThe Origin and Continuation of the Greeting Card2020 Words   |  9 Pagesthe Greeting Card The perfect words, the right sentiments, the ability to say exactly what we ourselves can’t: just a few ways greeting cards are defined. Greeting cards, the stars of today, started with a humble beginning. 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Harriet Jacobs s Life Of A Slave - 1896 Words

Harriet Jacobs was born a slave herself in Edenton, North Carolina and was one of the first women to write a slave narrative in the United States of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861). It was to address the white women of the North and thousands of â€Å"Slave mothers that are still in bondage in the South† (Jacobs 126). Jacobs tells her life of twenty-seven years in slavery in-depth life as a slave, and the choices she made to gain freedom for herself and her children. She writes a story about her families and masks them as well as her name as â€Å"Linda Brent† in her novel to protect herself in a sense as well as some of the important places in town. Harriet shows in her story the fights and sexual abuse that she faced as a slave on†¦show more content†¦Although as the females’ age, their household tasks and other responsibilities would increase greatly. As Jacobs grew older in Dr. Flint’s family she was accustomed to share things with the children of the mistress. Women of slavery during this time would be frequently called to even nurse their mistresses children so that even the mother was not disturbed in her sleep by her own child. Jacobs herself speaks of her Aunt Nancy in the novel who did this exact thing for many years, and it was obvious of aspects of life and what the slave had to do with taking the needs of the white child versus her own child. Jacobs was in a sense employed as a night-nurse to Mrs. Flint s children rather than her own children at night. This broke Jacobs mentally, physically, and emotionally to where finally Dr. Flint made it clear that it was nearly impossible she could be a mother of any living child of her own. This comes straight from her book and shows an almost perfect example of the respect that would be given to such women, which in reality is absolutely none. The Flint s trusted Jacobs to ultimately raise their children and once she reached about fifteen is when things start to change with her master telling her such explicit

Debut Albums and Snow White free essay sample

We don t like anybody Nobody is hat good for her! Mr.. Mouse: Thats right. One mouse has a large tail. Another one doses t have teeth.. . Another one is too fat. We cant let her marry any of them. They are so ugly! Mrs.. Mouse: She must marry the most powerful in the world. Mr. . Mouse: The most powerful is the Sun! (A cardboard sun enters stage) Mrs.. Mouse: (kindly) Mr.. Sun! We have a beautiful daughter. She is the prettiest girl in the world, and you are the most powerful. You deserve her! Mr.. Mouse and Mrs.. Mouse: We want you to marry her! Sun: Im not the most powerful.The most powerful is the Cloud. Mr. . Mouse and Mrs.. Mouse: The Cloud? Sun: Yes. The Cloud covers me. (A cardboard cloud enters stage and covers the sun. The sun disappears) feel alone? Cloud: No. I cry so that plants can grow. Mrs.. Mouse: You are the most powerful, and you deserve to marry our daughter. Mr.. Mouse: She is the most beautiful mouse on earth! Cloud: No, Im not the most powerful. The most powerful is the wind. Mr.. Mouse and Mrs.. Mouse: The Wind? Cloud: Yes. The Wind blows me . (the whistling of the wind is heard) Listen! Here it comes! Oh, its pushing me! (A cardboard wind enters stage.The cloud disappears. The wind walks around the stage and the mice follow it) Mr.. ND Mrs.. Mouse: Mr. . Wind! Mr.. Wind! Stop! (The wind stops blowing) Wind: What do you want. Im in a hurry! Mr.. Mouse: Would you like to marry our daughter? She is the most beautiful mouse in the world! Mrs. . Mouse: You are the most powerful. You deserve her! Wind: I am not the most powerful. The most powerful is the wall. Wind: Yes. The wall stops me. The wall doesnt let me go through. (The wind leaves stage whistling trying to destroy the wall. Mr.. And Mrs.. Mouse fall down because of the wind force). Mr. .Mouse: (getting up) We have to talk to the wall. Mr.. Mouse: Yes, we have to! (Mr.. And Mrs. . Mouse approach the wall) Mr.. Mouse: Mr.. Wall! Mr.. Wall! Mrs.. Mouse: He doses t hear you. He is old and deaf. Mr.. And Mrs. . Mouse: Mr.. Wall! Mr.. Wall! Wall: What ! Mr.. Mouse: (yelling) Would you like to marry the most beautiful girl in the world? Wall: That Im wrong? Im too old. Mrs.. Mouse: No! No! Would like to marry our daughter! Wall: Who, me? Why? Mr.. Mouse: Because you are the most powerful. The mouse who made them. Mr.. And Mrs.. Mouse: The Mouse? (Mr.. And Mr. . Mouse look at each other and seem ashamed.A young boy mouse enters from behind the wall) Young boy mouse: You are the parents of the most beautiful girl in the world. I want o marry her. We have been in love for a very long time. Mr.. Mouse: Oh, but where are you going to live? Young Boy Mouse: In this old wall. I have bee building a house with many rooms. It has a living room, a dinning room, and a kitchen. It is very comfortable. Mr.. Mouse: Yes! Yes! You will marry our daughter because you are the most powerful in the world. Mrs.. Mouse: Most powerful than the sun, the cloud, the wind, and the wall. (The girl mouse enters and hugs and kisses the young boy mouse.The gossipy mice enter). Gossipy mice: We wish you the best! (They hug the happy couple. They sing and dance) The End The Spirit Inside The Bottle Son Spirit Narrator: A long time ago there was a woodcutter who had only one son. One day he said. Father: I have decided to use all my savings to give you a good education, so that you can have a decent and honest Job which will help us survive when I can no longer work. Boy: Thank you father. I will study hard and you will be proud of me. Father: You will leave next week. Narrator: The young boy went to the university where he spent there three years.One day the boy received a letter from his father. Boy: (thinking) My father doses t have any money and I can t stay here anymore. I have to go back. Narrator: When he arrived home his father said. Father: I don t know what are we going to do. With the money I earned cutting wood, we can hardly survive. Boy: Don t worry father, I will go with you to the forest and I will help you. Father: Its hard work, and you re not used to it. Besides, we only have one ax and we don t have money to buy another one. Boy: Why don t you ask our neighbor to lend you his ax? Father: Thats a good idea ND we will buy another one when we have enough money. Narrator: Next day, their neighbor lent them an ax, and so they went to the forest to work. After lunch, the boy said. Father: Don t take too long, we still have a lot of work to do. Boy: I won t. Narrator: When he was in the deep woods, he saw an enormous oak tree. Then he heard a voice calling him. Spirit: Help! Help! Let me out of here! I want to go out! Narrator: As the boy was walking, he saw a bottle in the ground with a little creature inside. Carefully, he picked up the bottle. Boy: What a strange little bottle. .. And the voice is coming from inside.Spirit: Let me out! Let me out! Boy: I will open it! Narrator: As soon as the boy opened the bottle, the little creature started to grow, ND grow, and grow, until it became a huge giant. Spirit: Prepare yourself! Im going to eat you! I have been here for a long time, and I am very hungry! Boy: Wait, wait Before you do, I have to be sure that it was you who was inside the bottle Then you can eat me. Spirit: But it was me! You saw me! Boy: Prove it! Spirit: How? Boy: Get smaller again! Spirit: Very well Then I will eat you! Narrator: Then the giant got smaller, and smaller, and smaller, and the boy closed Spirit: Let me out!If you do, I will do whatever you want me to do! Let me out! I will make you rich! Im telling you the truth! Let me out of here! Boy: You have to promise that you will not eat me! Spirit: I promise. Narrator: The boy opened the bottle, and the little creature started to grow, until it became a huge giant once again. Spirit: Thank you! Boy: How can you help me? Spirit: Take this handkerchief. When you suffer an injury, cover it with the handkerchief, and it will heal instantly. And when you cover a metal object with it, the metal will turn into silver. Boy: Go now.. . You are free!Narrator: As soon as the giant left, the boy returned to where his father was. Father: Where have you been? Its getting dark and we haven t finished. Boy: Don t worry father. Ill do all the work. Narrator: The boy took the ax and cleaned it with the handkerchief, and suddenly the ax turned into silver, and broke. Father: You broke the ax! Now we have to pay for it, and we don t have any money! Narrator: The boy took the broken ax and saw that it had turned into silver. Boy: Don t worry father I have something to tell you. Father: What is it? Boy: Look at it, father This is not an ordinary ax.Father: What do you mean? Whats this? Boy: Its silver. Narrator: Then the boy told his father about the giant. Boy: We have to sell it, father. Father: Lets go to town right away! Narrator: They sold the ax almost immediately, and bought a new one for their neighbor. Father: Lets go give him this new ax. Boy: And with all this money I can go back to the university, where I will become a doctor. Father: What about the handkerchief? Boy: With this handkerchief I will heal all my patients. Father: I am proud of you!. By Grimm Brothers Adapted by KIDS INCH The good man and his son Father Man Mrs..Liz Old Man Girl ACT I On the Countryside (father, his son, and a donkey enter stage) Son: Yes, father, I did. Where are we going so early? Father: Were going to town to do some shopping. Come on, hurry up, its getting late. (they walk a little. A man enters stage) Man: Good morning Where are you going so early? Father: Were going to SST. James. Man: Forgive me for asking, why are you going on foot if you can ride your donkey? Son: Thats right, father! Tell me why? Father: I appreciate your advice. .. And good bye, its getting late. (the man leaves stage) Who s going to ride the donkey? Son: You are, father.I can walk. (the man gets on the donkey and walk a little. A woman carrying a basket enters take) Father: Good morning, Mrs. . Liz. Mrs.. Liz: Good Morning (she stops and watches them). I know that this is none of my business.. . But, why is this poor, little and sweet boy walking? And why is this strong man riding the donkey? Son: (thinking) Mrs.. Liz is right. Don t you think so father? Father: k, Ill get off the donkey And you get on. (the farmer gets off the donkey and his son gets on. They walk a little. An old man enters stage). Old Man: Good morning (he stops and watches them) Farmer: Good morning Old Man: Oh my!When I was young these things never happened! Why is a young ND healthy boy riding the donkey, and his poor father is walking? This is so disrespectful! Oh, my! (the old man leaves the stage whispering) Father: What do you think about what the old man said? Son: I think hes right. It would be better if you too ride the donkey. (the farmer gets on the donkey, now both are riding the donkey, and walk a little. A girl enters stage running). Girl: (approaches the donkey) What a sweet donkey! Whats his name? Son: His name is Snoopy Girl: Oh, poor Snoopy! Look at his tired face. Why are you both riding this poor donkey. She leaves stage whispering) Poor donkey! Father: (a little impatient) And now, what are we going to do, my son? Son: I think that the girl is right, father. Snoopy looks tired, let s carry the donkey ourselves and nobody will criticize us. Father: k, lets see what happens. (both get off the donkey and carry him. They can hardly walk. The man, Mrs.. Liz, the old man, and the girl enter stage) Man: (laughing) Whats this! Ive never seen anything like this! Mrs.. Liz: (laughing) What a pair of fools! Old Man: How funny you look carrying a donkey (they leave stage) Father: (angry) And now, what are we going to do, my son?Son: To tell you the truth. I don ;t know, father. We did what they told us to do, but we could ;t please them. Everybody criticized us, and now they laugh at us. Farmer: Look, my son. I wanted you to see with your own eyes that there are many different opinions and that its not possible to please everybody. Son: I can see that, father. They laughed at us because we tried to please them, but what are we going to do now? Father: Well, you must think right and decide what you think its better. Son: Even if not everybody agrees. I know what to do!

Style Of J. D. Salinger Essays - J. D. Salinger,

Style of J. D. Salinger Many critics consider J.D. Salinger a very controversial writer, for the subject matters that he writes.. J.D. Salinger's works were generally written during two time periods. The first time period was during World War II, and the second time period was during the 1960's. Critics feel that the works during the 1960 time period were very inappropriate, because of the problems for which he wrote. The main characters were generally misfits of society. In most of his works, he has the protagonist of the story go on a quest for happiness. Salinger does not conform to the material happiness; the characters undergo a spiritual happiness. The characters generally start out as in bad conditions, through the end of his works they undergone changes that change them for the better. The works of J.D. Salinger show the quest for happiness through religion, loneliness, and symbolism. Salinger's works often use religion in order to portray comfort. In Salinger's Nine Stories Franny Glass keeps reciting the "Jesus Prayer" to cope with the suicide of her brother Seymour (Bloom in Bryfonski and Senick 69). Salinger is able to use this prayer as a means of comfort for Franny. The prayer ezds for the last hope for Franny in this situation. Franny would be lost if their was no prayer. (Bryfonski and Senick 71). Salinger shows us comfort in Catcher in the Rye. Holden Caufield, the protagonist, is very much in despair for losing his girlfriend, so Caufield reads a passage in the Bible. This helps Holden change his outlook on life (Salzberg 75). Holden was all alone at this point and had no one to turn back on, until he found the Bible (Salzberg 76). In both stories the characters had found themselves in bad situations. The characters in these works have obstacles which they must overcome in order to achieve happiness (Salzman 34). Happiness is the very subezce which all of these characters are striving for in Salinger's works. Salinger uses religion in his works to comfort them so that they can proceed on their quest to achieve happiness. Salinger uses religion as a means for liberation. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation (Madsen 93). In Nine Stories one of the characters, Seymour Glass, is portrayed as Buddha in the sense that he wants to be liberated as Buddha was in his life (Madsen 93). Seymour Glass in Nine Stories has a certain philosophy about life, it is similar to the Eightfold Path used by Buddha when achieving nirvana (French in Matuz 212). Seymour Glass is on a quest to become free from all of the suffering in his life as Buddha was from his life (French in Matuz 213). Seymour follows the Eightfold path to become liberated from suffering (Madsen 96). Seymour achieves "nirvana" by living a good life and end anything that causes suffering. Seymour is able to attain nirvana by committing suicide (Lundquist in Matuz 211). Salinger shows us that when Seymour committed suicide he let go of all of the suffering that he encountered, thus attaining the happiness he longed for (French, Salinger Revisited 132). Salinger shows liberation as an end to all suffering, thus creating happiness for the character. (French, Salinger Revisited 133). The final function of religion as a means to attain happiness was to gain peace In "The Young Lion," Salinger uses religion to gain peace through a fictitious war. In the story many of the soldiers were dying and the countries were in turmoil (Lundquist 312). The leaders in the story see a vision on the battlefield that changes them, and stops the war (Lundquist 315). Salinger shows how religion can be a force used to create happiness in a story, by creating peace (Lundquist 313). Salinger is able to use religion as a means of attaining happiness through peace. The story seemed very dismal, until religion intervened and stopped the conflict. Salinger creates happiness for the characters by stopping the conflict. In "The Stranger" Salinger creates peace through a war by using more of the Zen philosophy. Salinger's creates a "Pact of Peace" which stops the conflict between